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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Symptoms in 3-Year-Olds

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Symptoms in 3-Year-Olds

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Symptoms in 3-Year-Olds

When researching the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 3-year-olds, it’s important to recognize that these signs may appear not only at this age but in various age groups, starting as early as infancy and continuing through age 7. Some people search for autism symptoms in infants, or specific signs of mild autism in children.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), commonly referred to as autism, is a critical condition that parents should monitor in their children at every developmental stage. Consequently, there is often a focus on the signs of autism in 5-year-olds or infants. Symptoms of mild autism in children are also commonly discussed, as early recognition of these signs is essential.

In this article, we will cover the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in 3-year-olds, as well as those that appear before and after this age, so parents can recognize the signs early and seek appropriate healthcare support.

Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children at an early age, leading to challenges in social communication and specific behavioural patterns that are distinct to ASD. The term “autism spectrum” encompasses a range of related conditions, including:

  • Asperger Syndrome
  • Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
  • Rett Syndrome
  • Autism itself, which is a primary component of the spectrum

How Common is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1 in every 100 children globally is affected by autism. However, the National Library of Medicine reports that between 1-2 children per 1,000 are diagnosed with autism. Additionally, autism is far more common in males; for every girl with autism, there are approximately 4-5 boys affected.

Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in 3-Year-Olds and Other Age Groups

It is crucial for parents to observe their children closely for signs of ASD, not only at age 3 but even earlier. Here are some of the typical symptoms categorized by age:

  • 6 Months: Lack of smiling or facial expression when feeling happy, especially during interactions or play.
  • 9 Months: No imitation of facial expressions, sounds, or interactions.
  • 12 Months: Absence of babbling or using simple, broken words or sounds to express interest.
  • 14 Months: Does not use gestures, like waving or pointing, to communicate needs.
  • 16 Months: No clear words, either understandable or otherwise.
  • 18 Months: Does not engage in imaginative play or pretend to be someone else, as is typical for children this age.
  • 24 Months: Inability to form meaningful two-word phrases.

By the time a child reaches their second year, signs of autism should generally be noticeable, particularly if symptoms have intensified. However, autism can vary in severity, ranging from mild to moderate to severe. Mild autism symptoms may go unnoticed initially and require careful attention from parents.

Common Autism Symptoms Across All Ages

Certain core symptoms of autism remain consistent across different age groups, and if they are observed, professional help should be sought. Here are some key social and behavioural signs of autism:

Social Symptoms:

  • Lack of Eye Contact: Children with autism often struggle to maintain eye contact with others, including peers and caregivers.
  • Difficulty Understanding Emotions or Body Language: They may not grasp non-verbal cues such as gestures, facial expressions, or body language, and they might not understand physical affection, such as hugs.
  • Social Isolation: Children with autism often find it challenging to engage in group activities, games, or social interactions with others.
  • Lack of Imagination: Unlike neurotypical children who start imaginative play around 18 months, children with autism may not engage in role-playing or pretending.
  • No Response to Conversations: They may not react when someone calls their name or attempts to engage them in conversation, nor use speech to express personal needs.
  • Unusual Sounds: They may make non-verbal sounds or repeat the same word or phrase frequently without engaging others in conversation.

Behavioural Symptoms:

  • Repetitive Behaviour: Children with autism may repeat actions, movements, or words persistently. For example, they may repeat a specific phrase or perform the same action continuously.
  • Flapping: Arm-flapping is a distinctive trait of autism, resembling the movement of wings.
  • Self-Harm: In extreme cases, a child may hit their head against a wall or engage in other self-harming behaviors as an expression of frustration.
  • Adherence to Routines: Children with autism may develop strict preferences for certain routines, places, or activities, and become distressed if these routines are altered.
  • Unusual Movement Patterns: They may walk on their toes or move in stiff, awkward ways that do not align with typical body language.
  • Heightened Sensitivity: Children with autism often display an exaggerated sensitivity to light, sound, or touch, but may show little to no response to pain or temperature.
  • Fascination with Unusual Objects: They may become obsessed with objects or occurrences that others find mundane.
  • Selective Eating: Children with autism often have specific food preferences, sometimes based on the texture or appearance of the food rather than its taste.

Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder

There is currently no medical cure for ASD. However, behavioural and social interventions offered by specialized centers and healthcare professionals can help children with autism develop the skills needed to navigate social situations and meet basic needs. These therapies are often coordinated with family involvement, aiming to provide the child with as much normalcy as possible.

Medications prescribed for children with autism are typically aimed at addressing specific symptoms, such as hyperactivity or aggression, rather than treating autism itself. Supplements like Omega-3 (OMEGROW omega 3 syrup 100 ml) are also sometimes recommended to improve cognitive abilities and aid in social integration.

Conclusion

Autism spectrum disorder symptoms can manifest as early as six months old, with clear signs by age 2. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to helping children with ASD receive the support they need. With proper guidance, children with autism can improve their social and behavioural skills and lead fulfilling lives.

Sources:

  • What is autism? – World Health Organization
  • Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research: Autism spectrum disorder.
  • Signs and Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • Signs of autism in adults: NHS/UK
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health
  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Healthdirect
  • Autism Causes and Symptoms: WebMD