The difference between an Internist and a Gastroenterologist

The difference between an Internist and a Gastroenterologist

From Reader Questions: What is the difference between an internist or let’s say family medicine doctor and a gastroenterologist? Some people ask: What does an internist treat? Does an internist also treat urinary tract issues? What are the most common internal medicine conditions that necessitate seeing an internist? In other words, when should you visit an internist? And is the gastroenterology and endoscopy specialty related to internal medicine?

This article will answer the main question about the difference between an internist and a gastroenterologist and shed light on additional related concepts and information.

Let’s start…

What is Internal Medicine?

Internal medicine, also known as general internal medicine, covers a broad range of specialties. As the name suggests, it deals with all internal diseases. Internal diseases refer to all conditions affecting the core systems of the body, particularly from within.

For example, if someone experiences a fever, heart palpitations, a malfunctioning body system, a common cold, or a microbial infection, these conditions are initially categorized under internal medicine. An internist will then conduct further tests and analyses to determine if the case is handled within their specialty or if it requires referral to a more specialized doctor.

I once visited an internist for chronic headaches on the right side of my head. The doctor ordered some blood sugar tests and prescribed medications for the headache. However, the pain persisted and sometimes worsened. During a follow-up visit, the internist referred me to a neurologist. The neurologist performed a brain scan, which revealed the actual diagnosis: trigeminal neuralgia. It was treated over three months with a specialized treatment plan.

The point is, when it comes to core body issues rather than visible problems (such as wounds, fractures, or pain in the eyes, ears, nose, or throat), the initial approach is to see an internist, who will decide if the case should be treated by them or referred to another specialist.

What Diseases Does an Internist Treat?

This answer will clarify much of the difference between an internist and a gastroenterologist, helping you decide whom to see first. An internist treats a wide range of diseases, but there are several common conditions frequently encountered, especially in urban settings with a routine and stable lifestyle.

Some of the most common internal medicine conditions include:

1. Diabetes: A prevalent condition worldwide, caused by high blood sugar levels and insulin dysfunction. It may result from low insulin levels or insulin resistance. Diabetes is a significant internal medicine condition that requires special care and a balanced, healthy lifestyle.
2. High Blood Pressure: Caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, characterized by elevated systolic pressure above 140 and diastolic pressure above 90. An internist manages this by prescribing medication and guiding lifestyle changes.
3. Migraine: Severe headache accompanied by nausea, potential vomiting, sensitivity to light, and loud noises.
4. Cold & Flu: Common, especially during seasonal changes or cold winter months, usually accompanied by a runny nose, fever, and sometimes gastrointestinal disturbances.
5. Bronchitis: A respiratory infection that worsens in smokers. Smoking is a primary cause of bronchitis.
6. Unknown Chest Pain: Many people do not recognize angina or heart attack symptoms. Severe chest pain with pain in the left arm and intense nausea might indicate a heart attack. Differentiating this from other conditions like gastrointestinal infections or hernias often requires an internist’s expertise.
7. General Fatigue and Weakness: Symptoms like excessive sleepiness, insomnia, unexplained depression, or general weakness might be due to anemia, thyroid disorders, or hormonal imbalances—all managed by an internist.

Is the List Exhaustive?

Not entirely. The list above highlights major conditions treated by internists. Notably, digestive system diseases also fall under internal medicine, though we’ll clarify the difference with gastroenterology shortly.

What is Gastroenterology?

A gastroenterologist is a doctor specialized in studying and treating conditions related to the digestive system. The digestive system includes organs from the mouth to the anus, such as the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, colon, etc.

To understand the difference between an internist and a gastroenterologist, note that a gastroenterologist has specific expertise in diagnosing and treating diseases of the digestive system. Therefore, when experiencing problems with these organs, it’s preferable to consult a gastroenterologist directly.

What is the Difference Between an Internist and a Gastroenterologist?

Now that we understand the definitions, let’s specify the difference. Internal medicine is a comprehensive field covering all body systems, including the digestive system. An internist can diagnose and treat general digestive issues. For complex or specialized conditions, a gastroenterologist might be preferred for more focused care.

For instance, an internist can treat a Helicobacter pylori infection if it occurs. However, if the prescribed medication fails to eradicate the infection, the internist might refer the patient to a gastroenterologist for more specialized treatment.

When to See Which Specialist?

For specialized care, here’s a guideline:

• If you experience issues with any of the following organs, it’s best to consult a gastroenterologist directly:
  • Salivary Glands
  • Tongue
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
  • Rectum
  • Anus
• For other symptoms not related to the digestive system or general internal medicine conditions (excluding the digestive system), see an internist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Summary:

To determine whether to see an internist or a gastroenterologist first, understanding both specialties is essential. Generally, an internist covers all major body systems, including the digestive system. However, for specific digestive issues requiring more specialized care, consulting a gastroenterologist directly may be preferable.

Sources:

1. Internist vs. Gastroenterologist – Best Accredited Colleges
2. Should You See an Internist or a Gastroenterologist? – MEDOC. Care.
3. What Is a Gastroenterologist? What to Expect on a Visit- WebMD
4. What is a Gastroenterologist (GI Doctor)- Mayo Clinic.
5. What is a Gastroenterologist (GI Doctor)-ACG-American College of Gastroenterology.